Dover, English, Petrale, and Rex sole are all highly popular flatfish species caught by California's trawl fleet. Until the emergence of the Pacific whiting fishery, these sole species were the most abundant groundfish in the California catch. The sole family is caught jointly with other marketable groundfish such as sablefish and thornyheads. Eureka, followed by Fort Bragg, Crescent City, Monterey, San Francisco, Morro Bay, and Port San Luis are the primary ports producing sole.
Generally speaking, soles spawn in deep water during wintertime and, shortly after spawning, move inshore through spring and summer months. However, tagging studies found that many mature Dover sole remain in deep water yearlong. Petrale tend to move shoreward and northward in summer.
Also varying by species, the sole family ranges from Baja California to northwest Alaska or the Bering Sea. Dover can be found on mud bottoms to depths of 4,800 feet. English and Petrale sole extend as deep as 1,500 - 1,800 feet. Petrale prefer sand bottom and have been known to move great distances. Petrale are larger than most California flatfish, and are the premium sole at market. Rex sole, which occur to about 2,100 foot depths on muddy-sandy bottom, are generally not filleted because their thin body does not allow for efficient recovery. Rex are highly prized by conoisseurs for bright, white flesh and a sweet, distinctive taste
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